CUTTING SOLUTIONS BY CERATIZIT 2016.1 EN PROGRAMME EXTENSIONS CUTTING TOOLS

CUTTING SOLUTIONS BY CERATIZIT 2016.1 EN PROGRAMME EXTENSIONS CUTTING TOOLS

Get to know your tools in detail – watch them during the respective applications on machines which today are used in all production departments. To do so, we have established up-to-date machining centres for tests and training courses and the latest analysis technology at our Tooling Academy.
In collaboration with you, we analyse the machinability of the materials and work pieces. Based on the findings of simulations  and practical tests, we then deduce specific tool recommendations
or develop specific tool solutions for you.
We have opened our first Tooling Academy in Reutte, Austria – our centre of excellence for cutting solutions. For us to also be close to our Asian customers, we have had our second Tooling Academy in Tianjin, China since 2011.

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Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook Third Edition Energy and Power Edited by Myer Kutz

Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook

Third Edition

Energy and Power

Edited by

Myer Kutz

The fourth volume of the Third Edition of the Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook comprises 32 chapters. The volume begins with a chapter on thermophysical properties of fluids, then covers fundamentals of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics (including a chapter on exergy and
entropy generation minimization), heat transfer, combustion, and furnaces. Additional heat transfer topics in this volume include heat exchangers, heat pipes, air heating, and electronic equipment cooling. This volume includes chapters on both conventional energy sources– gaseous and liquid fuels, coal, and nuclear—and alternative energy sources—solar, geothermal, and fuel cells (in a chapter entirely new to the handbook). There are six chapters on power machinery: one on fans, blowers, compressors, and pumps; one each on gas, wind (in a chapter entirely new to the handbook), and steam turbines; one on internal combustion engines; and one on fluid power. Refrigeration and cryogenics are covered in two chapters.
Four chapters deal with environmental issues: energy auditing, indoor environmental control, and air and water pollution control technologies. A chapter on thermal systems optimization rounds out this volume of the handbook.
The contributors to this volume include engineers working in industry in the United States and Canada, as well as in U.S. government agencies, and business owners, consultants, and academics from all around the United States. Three contributors, Reuben Olsen, Carroll Cone, and Leonard Wenzel, whose chapters first appeared in previous editions, are deceased. Their distinguished work survives.

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Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook Third Edition Manufacturing and Management Edited by Myer Kutz

Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook

Third Edition

Manufacturing

and Management

Edited by

Myer Kutz

The third volume of the Third Edition of the Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook comprises two parts: Manufacturing and Management. Each part contains 12 chapters. Contributors include business owners, consultants, lawyers, librarians, and academics from all around the United States.
Part 1 opens with a chapter from the second edition on Product Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFM&A). The centerpiece of Part 1 includes the chapters that in earlier editions of the handbook have been called ‘‘the handbook within the handbook.’’ Developed by a team at Louisiana State University and the University of Louisville, these six chapters, which have been updated, span manufacturing topics from production planning, production processes and equipment, metal forming, shaping, and casting, statistical quality control, computer-integrated manufacturing, to material handling. The chapter on classification systems remains unchanged from earlier editions; the chapter on mechanical fasteners has been revised extensively. Part 1 has three chapters entirely new to the handbook: a chapter on physical vapor deposition, one on environmentally conscious manufacturing, and one on a new approach to dealing with process technology in the context of design, tooling, manufacturing, and quality engineering. The latter chapter is indicative of how much contributors
can give of themselves. Its content is the lifeblood of its author’s consulting practice. Part 2 covers a broad array of topics. The 12 chapters can be broken down into four groups. The first two chapters cover project and people management. The first of these chapters, on project management, deals with a subject that has appeared in previous editions, but the chapter is entirely new, to reflect advances in this field. The people management chapter has been revised. The following three chapters deal with fundamentals of financial management and are unchanged. The next three chapters, contributed by a team led by Jack ReVelle, treat a set of management issues, including Total Quality Management; registrations, certifications, and awards; and safety engineering. Two chapters cover legal issues of interest to engineers, including patents. The final two chapters cover online and print information sources useful to mechanical engineers in their daily work. The chapter on online sources is a new version of the chapter that appeared originally in 1998.

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Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook Third Edition Instrumentation, Systems, Controls, and MEMS Edited by Myer Kutz

Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook

Third Edition

Instrumentation, Systems,

Controls, and MEMS

Edited by

Myer Kutz

The second volume of the third edition of the Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook (‘‘ME3’’) is comprised of two major parts: Part 1, Instrumentation, with eight chapters, and Part 2, Systems, Controls, and MEMS, with 13 chapters. The two parts are linked in the sense that most feedback control systems require measurement transducers. Most of the chapters in this volume originated not only in earlier editions of the Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook but
also in a book called Instrumentation and Control, which was edited by Chester L. Nachtigal and published by Wiley in 1990. Some of these chapters have been either updated or extensively revised. Some have been replaced. Others, which present timeless, fundamental concepts, have been included without change.1 In addition, there are chapters that are entirely new, including Digital Integrated Circuits: A Practical Application (Chapter 8), Neural Networks in Control Systems (Chapter 19), Mechatronics (Chapter 20), and Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS): Design and Application (Chapter 21). The instrumentation chapters basically are arranged, as they were in the Nachtigal volume, in the order of the flow of information in real measurement systems. These chapters start with fundamentals of transducer design, present transducers used by mechanical engineers, including strain gages, temperature transducers such as thermocouples and thermistors, and flowmeters, and then discuss issues involved in processing signals from transducers and in acquiring and displaying data. A general chapter on measurement fundamentals, updated from the second edition of Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook (‘‘ME2’’), as well as the chapter on digital integrated circuits have been added to the half-dozen Instrumentation and Control chapters in this first part.
The systems and control chapters in the second part of this volume start with three chapters from ME2, two of which have been updated, and move on to seven chapters from Nachtigal, only two of which required updating. These ten chapters present a general discussion of systems engineering; fundamentals of control system design, analysis, and performance modification; and detailed information about the design of servoactuators, controllers, and general-purpose control devices. This second part of Vol. II concludes with the chapters, all of them new to the handbook, on what are termed ‘‘new departures’’— neural networks, mechatronics, and MEMS. These topics have become increasingly important to mechanical engineers in recent years.

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Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook Third Edition Materials and Mechanical Design Edited by Myer Kutz

Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook

Third Edition

Materials and

Mechanical Design

volume1

Edited by Myer Kutz

The first volume of the third edition of the Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook is comprised of two major parts. The first part, Materials, which has 14 chapters, covers metals, plastics, composites, ceramics, and smart materials. The metals covered are carbon, alloy, and stainless steels; aluminum and aluminum alloys; copper and copper alloys; titanium alloys; nickel and its alloys; magnesium and its alloys; and superalloys. Chapters on some of these materials, such as ceramics, smart materials, and superalloys, are updated versions of chapters that have appeared in the Handbook of Materials Selection (Wiley, 2002), and they are entirely new to the Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook. The intent in all of the materials chapters is to provide readers with expert advice on how particular materials are typically used and what criteria make them suitable for specific purposes. This part of Volume I concludes with a chapter on sources of materials data, the intent being to provide readers
with guidance on finding reliable information on materials properties, in addition to those that can be found in this volume, and a chapter on analytical methods of materials selection, which is intended to give readers techniques for specifying which materials might be suitable for a particular application.
The second part of Volume I, Mechanical Design, which has 22 chapters, covers a broad range of topics, including the fundamentals of stress analysis, the finite-element method, vibration and shock, and noise measurement and control and then moving into modern methodologies that engineers use to predict failures, eliminate defects, enhance quality and reliability of designs, and optimize designs. There are chapters on failure analysis and design with all classes of materials, including metals, plastics and ceramics, and composites. I should point out that, to a large extent, the two parts of Volume I go hand in hand. After all, it is useful to know about the properties, behavior, and failure mechanisms of all classes of materials when faced with a product design problem. Coverage in the second part of Volume I extends to lubrication of machine elements and seals technology. Chapters in this part of Volume I provide practitioners with techniques to solve real, practical everyday problems, ranging from nondestructive testing to CAD (computer-aided design) to TRIZ (the acronym in Russian for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving), STEP [the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data is a comprehensive International Organization for Standardization standard (ISO 10303) that describes how to represent and exchange digital product information], and virtual reality. Topics of special interest include physical ergonomics and electronic packaging.

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Conveyor belts Specification for rubber plastics covered conveyor belts of textile construction for general use BS EN ISO 14890

Conveyor belts — Specification for rubber- or plastics-covered conveyor belts of textile construction for general use BS EN ISO 14890:2013

This International Standard specifies requirements for rubber and/or plastics covered conveyor belting of textile construction for general surface use on flat or troughed idlers.
This International Standard is not suitable or valid for light conveyor belts as described in ISO 21183-1.
Items that are not requirements of this International Standard, but need to be agreed between the manufacturer  and the purchaser, are included in Annex A.
A list of the details intended to be supplied by the purchaser of belting with an enquiry is given in Annex B.

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Overland Conveyor Belt Analyst 16.0

Overland Conveyor Belt Analyst 16.0

BELT ANALYST™ SUITE
This version has all the capabilities of the Pro version plus many extras.
Belt Analyst™ Suite includes an add-on to evaluate and design Horizontal Curves . Horizontally curved belt conveyors are the most advanced and complex designs beening built today.
This version can also evaluate and design Pipe Conveyors with a single click. Easily compare a conventional and pipe conveyor option.
The Lagging Analyst add-on is the only lagging analysis tool available in the world. Utilizing an FEA solver, this tool can predict local slip and calculate shear forces in the lagging itself.
CEMA calculated or DIN
Select the conveyor system and change its engine
Ability to customize the default and change restrictions
Printing and exporting to PDF format
Select the database conveyor
Choose a different reels

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Autodesk Inventor Professional 2015 + SP1 x86

Autodesk Inventor 3D CAD software products offer a comprehensive, flexible set of software for 3D mechanical design, product simulation, tooling creation, engineer to order, and design communication. Inventor takes you beyond 3D to Digital Prototyping by enabling you to produce an accurate 3D model that can help you design, visualize, and simulate your products before they are built. Digital Prototyping with Inventor helps companies design better products, reduce development costs, and get to market faster.

Features
Easy to use and easy to learn, Autodesk® Inventor® software products offer a flexible set of tools for 3D mechanical design, CAD productivity, design communication, product simulation, routed systems, and mold design. With Inventor 3D CAD software, you can integrate 2D AutoCAD® drawings and 3D data into a single digital model, creating a virtual representation of the final product that can enable you to validate the form, fit, and function of the product before it is ever built.

Compare
Autodesk® Inventor® mechanical CAD software comes in different product configurations that offer specific levels of functionality to fit your design needs. No company is more focused than Autodesk on helping you create accurate digital prototypes and bring better products to market faster at less cost.

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part2

part3

part4

part5

part6

part7

part8

part9

part10

serial

file password :www.p30download.com

Steel cord conveyor belts PARTS 1,2,3,4 ISO 15236

Steel cord conveyor belts PARTS 1,2,3,4  ISO 15236

ISO 15236 specifies the performance and constructional requirements applicable to conveyor belts having steel cords in the longitudinal direction as reinforcement. The requirements for construction given in Clause 6 apply to the design of single belts, as well as the design of complete type series such as those covered in ISO 15236-2.

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belt conveyors and belt elevators by john wily

belt conveyors  and belt elevators  by john wily                    belt conveyors  and belt elevators  by john wily 

belt conveyors  and belt elevators  by john wily 

This is intended to be a practical book. It is not a mere restatement of what already appears in trade advertisements, nor does it contain descriptions of installations of conveying and elevating machinery. It aims rather to explain principles and the reasons for doing things. The present volume describes Belt Conveyors and Belt Elevators. These machines are so generally useful and suit so many kinds of materials under so many operating conditions that they are used to illustrate some of the prin- ciples underlying the general subject of the design and use of conveying and elevating machinery and to serve as an introduction to that subject. The business of designing, making and selling such machinery is hardly more than forty years old; for thirty years of that time th'e author has been active in it, at the drafting board, in the shop, and in the field supervising the erection and operation of the machinery. For thirteen years the author was chief engineer of one of the largest companies in the business, was responsible for the design of all kinds of elevating and conveying machinery, and acquired valuable experience in dealing with suggestions and complaints from users of the machin- ery and in co-operating with them in improvements in design and manufacture. The aim has been to present that experience in such a form as to be useful to men who have material to handle and who want to know more of the " how " and " why " of conveying and elevating by belts than can be told in the catalogs and advertisements of manufacturers. The information given will be of use also to consulting engineers who have to advise in the selection of the proper machinery to do certain work, to engineers and draftsmen who design such machinery, and also to students in technical schools and colleges. Much of the information published in this book has never appeared in print and for a great deal of it, the author is indebted to his friends, some of them business associates, some of them business competitors. To each of them he returns his sincere thanks.

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Belt Conveyor Types

Frame designs and different options for continuous belt conveyors, by Nercon Eng. and Mfg., Inc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO CONVEYOR TYPES .SELECTION AND USES

AN INTRODUCTION TO CONVEYOR TYPES  .SELECTION AND USES 

The  conveyor is quite broad, but generally applies to mechanical devices that transport solids. These can be either bulk solids or powders. Furthermore, conveyors may be either powered or unpowered.  some of major conveyor types, including :
(1) conveyor belts,
(2) overhead conveyors,
(3) roller conveyors,
(4) chutes conveyors,
(5) screw conveyors.

1- conveyor belts
Conveyor belts can be used to transport solids as well as powders, but are not used to transport liquids or gases in any normal capacity. You can find conveyors belts implemented heavily in the following applications:
• Mining
• Food industry
• Pharmaceuticals
• Postage processing
• Manufacturing

FIG 1

The basic components of a conveyor belt include a drive mechanism, which powers the motion of the belt, and the belt itself, which transfers this motion to the conveyed material and provides support. There are a number of different options in belt structure and material and there are also many ways to power the belt. Any conveyor belt system is composed of:
• The belt
• The drive mechanism
• The guidThe belt runs in a continuous loop along the guidance
mechanism, at some point passing through the drive mechanism, which provides power, and the entire system is Bsupported by an underlying structure to transfer the loads to the ground. Figure 2  shows the basic layout of a conveyor belt system.ance mechanisms

FIG 2

The solid polymer/fabric belt structure consists of three major components: the carcass, the skims, and the cover. figure 3

FIG 3

The belt tension is one of the most significant quantities that influences aspects of the belt’s behavior and performance. The working tension of the belt and selected speed determines the necessary power the motor must provide Tension is usually reported in units of PIW, pounds per inch width of belt. Here is a quick formula that can be used

PIW = (HP(1 + K)(33,000))/SW

where:
PIW is the unit tension,
HP the motor horsepower,
K a numerical drive factor,
S the belt speed,
W the width of the belt.
Drive Mechanism The drive mechanism of the conveyor belt consists of the motor, speed reducer, and drive pulley.
Selection Specification
The following design parameters have a notable impact on belting type, drive type, and general sizing:
Load details
• Weight
• Dimensions
• Loading method
• Chemical reactivity
• Temperature
Goal transport speed
Path of conveyor
• Length
• Inclines
• Turns
Function of belt
• Accumulation
• Pure transport
• Concurrent action (painting, cooking, etc.)
Selecting the Correct Belt
• The type of belt used (plied or wire mesh) is strongly dependent on the function intended.
• The weight of the belt affects the requirements on the drive selection.
• The tensile strength required is dependent on the load characteristics.
• For plied belts, interply strength places requirements on the diameter of pulleys.
• The surface material determines how the belt interacts with the load.
2- Overhead Conveyors
the overhead conveyor offers an ideal transport method. All overhead conveyor systems are composed of a track, a coupling device to allow motion along this track, some form of carrier for the load, and in some cases a means to provide power to the system. Each of these components comes in a number of variations. The automotive, garment, and food industries, among others, all use overhead conveyors.

FIG 4

The I-beam track is hung or mounted and provides the support and pathway that the trolleys traverse. see  figure 5 .The enclosed track variant uses hollowed metal bars inside which a wheeled chain passes. A split in the bottom of the bar allows suspension of the load from this powering
chain.
The power and free configuration consist of two tracks, one powered and one unpowered or “free.” The primary advantage of such a system is the ability to separate trolleys from the drive chain. This makes accumulation and intermittent transfer possible, something of which the continuous chain variants described above are not capable. Power and free conveyors may make use of both of the track types discussed previously. Usually, the drive chain passes through an enclosed track, while the free track onto which the trolleys are attached may be either enclosed or I-beam.

FIG 5

The three main drive mechanisms implemented in conjunction with overhead conveyors are the sprocket, friction, and caterpillar drives. Sprocket and friction drives have similar configurations, but interact differently to transfer power, while both the sprocket and caterpillar drives link with the drive train via protrusions to transfer power.
The sprocket drive consists of a motor–reducer combination that powers a toothed sprocket or gear
The friction drive has a configuration similar to that of the sprocket drive. the caterpillar drive uses a separate continuous-drive chain using a sprocket drive and then uses a parallel transfer through the drive dogs to power the main drive chain. Some of the benefits of this configuration over the sprocket drive include easier relocation, compatibility with many different conveyors for reapplication, and more flexibility in location along the drive chain.

FIG 6

Selection Specification The basic steps of the selection process for overhead conveyors are outlined
below.
1. Define the requirements
     a. Load dimensions
     b. Transport speed
2. Select the basic conveyor type
3. Specify the track path, considering
     a. Load dimensions
     b. Transport speed
     c. Space available
4. Select the chain
     a. Type
     b. Necessary chain pull
     c. Appropriate pitch
     d. Linking method
5. Select the drive mechanism
    a. Type
    b. Torque and horsepower requirements
    c. Location in system
3- Roller Conveyors
roller conveyors consist of an arrangement of rollers, cylindrical steel components, upon which the load moves. Roller conveyors find use primarily in bulk applications Roller conveyors are used over belts in scenarios where more diverse loading, unloading, and accumulation options are required.

FIG 7

The various types of roller conveyors are classified by how they are powered, if at all. These types

include:

• Free roller : human powered

• Gravity roller : not driven; uses gravity and an incline to move packages down from a height

• Belt-driven roller : driven by a belt or belts at the end of, or underneath, the rollers

• Chain-driven roller : driven by a chain or chains attached at the ends of the rollers

• Lineshaft roller : driven by a rotating shaft to which individuals rollers are belted

The rollers contact the load, supporting and transporting it forward. The most basic roller is simply a long steel cylinder mounted on a shaft supported by bearings which allow it to rotate.but not move in a translational manner

FIG 8

Powered roller conveyors use drive systems that provide torque to all or intermittent rollers. The four most used are:

1. Belt-driven

2. Chain-driven

3. Line shaft-driven

4. Individually driven

Selection Specification The basic steps of the selection process for roller conveyors are outlined below:

1. Identify application

        a. Load characteristics

        b. Conveyance need: Powered? Unpowered? Accumulation?

2. Select type of roller conveyor; consider:

        a. Load aspects and needs

        b. Cost

        c. Adaptability

3. Select and size rollers

        a. Type

        b. Roller selection

        c. Bearings

4. Specify path

5. Select drive (if necessary)

       a. Based on type of load and conveyor

       b. Torque and horsepower requirements

The selection of roller conveyor type depends mostly on the weight of the load. For powered roller conveyors, line shaft conveyors are the most cost-effective for lighter loads, chain driven can be used for heavier loads, and individually powered are the most adaptable and suitable for very heavy loads. Gravity or unpowered conveyors suffice for simple directing or facilitation of intermediate-weight loads.

4- Chute Conveyors

The chute conveyor serves the role of connecting components in the materials flow chain. They are simple in the fact that there are no moving parts in the chutes themselves, but if poorly designed or implemented, chutes can be the source of some of the biggest complications. Their primary application is containing and guiding material. They are used in handling most substances besides gases, and rely on gravity to motivate motion.

FIG 9

They vary in complexity with application. For open chutes, the main geometric parameters of interest are the width, height, length, and angle of declination. If there is a turn in the chute, the radius of this turn is important to consider to prevent package jamming and flow backup. 

In closed chutes, the cross section, which encompasses the previously mentioned dimensions, is one of the most important factors. The curvature of the chute, which can be related to the instantaneous angle of declination, also affects flow rates and clogging. Open chutes are generally found

in simpler applications with larger solids (not powders or particulate solids). They guide material imprecisely, as the goal is only to convey the individual loads to the next conveyor. Major concerns in regard to open chutes include:

• The coefficient of friction between the chute material and load base

• Angle of declination necessary to overcome this sliding friction without tumbling loads

• Width necessary to prevent jamming, especially in turn sections

• Exit speed of loads from chute Closed chutes find more frequent

use in bulk solids handling such as mining and grain processing. The responsibilities attributed to closed chutes are:

• To guide material onto a conveyor belt, at the speed of the belt, in the direction in which the belt is traveling

• To eliminate spillage

• To enclose material dribbles

• To enclose material from operating personnel

• To eliminate dust liberation

the mass flow rate, usually labeled Q. Using continuum mechanics provides a flow rate of

Q = 𝜌VA

where:

ρ the bulk density (kg/m³), 

V the velocity (m/s), 

A the cross-sectional area (m²). 

 Q in kg/s.

5- Screw Conveyors

The screw conveyor of today is mechanized and used in many industries. Some examples include the grain, mining, and sewage industries. Screw conveyors can be implemented horizontally, on an incline, or vertically. The simplicity of the design leads to predictable behavior and reliable service

in most applications

FIG 10

The basic screw conveyor consists of several components:

• The screw itself

• The shaft

• The shaft supports

• The trough and covers

• The drive mechanism

The characteristic component of the screw conveyor, the screw itself, is responsible for converting

rotary motion into translational motion in the material conveyed.

Some important characterizing quantities include the diameter and the pitch. The pitch of the screw is the distance between adjacent planes of the flight and is a characterization of the steepness of the inclined plane. Pitch values are usually given in terms of diameters. Some examples are illustrated in Fig.11

FIG 11

The possible types of screw design are nearly endless. Some more “exotic” designs include variable pitch, ribbon, or cut and folded screws (Fig. 12). Each design possesses its own advantages and has a specific effect on thematerial being transferred.Some exotic screw designs: (a) variable; (b) ribbon; (c) cut and folded

FIG 12

Selection Specification The selection of screw

conveyor system components is outlined below.

1. Define the material to be conveyed.

      a. Maximum particle size

      b. Bulk density

      c. Chemical reactivity

      d. Temperature

2. Define the capacity and distance conveyed.

3. Using the requirements outlined above, size and select the conveyor.

      a. Diameter

      b. Screw pitch

     c. Screw materials (considering temperature, abrasiveness, and corrosivity)

4. Calculate the horsepower required.

5. Select the motor and drive arrangement.

6- Skatewheel Conveyors

Similar to a roller conveyor, skatewheel conveyors consist of many small wheels mounted on a horizontal grid. The transfer concept is the same as for roller conveyors, but there is much less contact area with loads. Skatewheel conveyors are predominantly unpowered and used to transport boxes or other flat-bottomed loads. They can be gravity conveyors when mounted on inclines, but more often they are usedmerely to facilitate human-powered movement of packages.

FIG 13

7-Bucket Conveyors 

As the name implies, this conveyor relies on buckets to move material in a vertical or inclined path. The buckets are mounted as illustrated in Fig. 14. The materials are loaded in at the bottom, drawn up inside the upright bucket

FIG 14

8- Vibrating or Oscillating Conveyors

vibrating conveyors are used for smaller particulateloads, such as pills or diamonds, while oscillating conveyors have a larger amplitude, lower-frequency motion, and handle slightly larger objects, such as hot metal castings.

This form of conveyor is generally used only over a short distance and is helpful in separating materials into a single layer for further conveyance on a belt.

FIG 15

9- Pneumatic Conveyors

Pneumatic conveyors rely on air or gas pressure to move materials through a network of tubes or pipes. A simple form of this conveyor with which you may be familiar is implemented at many drive through banks. The tube system that transports canisters between your car and indoor tellers is a pneumatic conveyor. For bulk solids and industry uses, the idea is about the same, only on a larger scale. Some industry applications include grain handling, fine powders, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.

FIG 16

10- Cart-on-Track Conveyors

This conveyor is designed to transport discrete loads. A mine cart can be viewed as one manifestation of the cart-on-track method.

The difference between different forms of cart-on-track conveyors is the manner in which they are powered. Many are human powered, some have motors mounted on each cart, and others rely on a line shaft concept similar to that used in roller conveyors. This is illustrated in Fig. 17.

The central rotating shaft is coupled to each cart, motivating it along the supporting tracks. Usually, flat cart conveyors are used for large package handling, and bucket carts can be used for bulk solid handling.

FIG 17

11- Vertical (Elevator) Conveyors

Vertical conveyors are implemented when very heavy loads need to be moved through a height. Usually, they are run intermittently, only requiring use sporadically. If more regular vertical transfer is required, other conveyance methods such as belts or overhead conveyors are recommended. Vertical conveyors are basically freight elevators, but are not constructed with considerations toward carrying people. Unless specially designed, you should not use this conveyance device for moving people.

FIG 18

PDBalance software about dynamic balancing

PDBalance software for performing calculations about dynamic balancing of

rotating parts.

Introduction
What is PDBalance? PDBalance is a software for performing calculations about dynamic balancing of rotating parts. Some useful tools has been added for solving several typical problems which can be
found during a balancing process.
PDBalance is free. To use it, you must only accept the disclaimer that the program shows during the startup. It runs on Microsoft Windows 98, ME, 2000, NT e XP.
Registration
If you want to use PDBalance you are asked to register (free of charge) filling the form contained in the file register.txt and sending it to the author at: p.asquini@tiscali.it
After registration you will be informed about every new software release. Feel free to report any suggestion, ask any question about the program or simply let the author know about the ways you are using PDBalance and the results you have obtained.
Important
Before using this software it is necessary to know what a dynamic balancing is and to have understood its mechanism. Adding and removing masses on rotating bodies should be performed only by skilled personnel, because it can be very dangerous and can cause injuries to people.
Disclaimer
This software is given to you “as it is” without any warranty. Although any effort was made to ensure the accuracy of the program result, the author does not take any responsibility for the use and application of the program. If you do not agree with this, you should not use it.

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Nondestructive Testing Standards~Present and Future ASME STP 1151

Nondestructive Testing

Standards~Present and Future

ASME STP 1151

Nondestructive testing (NDT), the examination of materials in ways that do not impair the
intended uses of the materials, represents technology central to the concept of improved quality.
Although the quality of materials, components, and products has always been important,
it is clear that recent shifts in world trade and the growing awareness of the life-cycle costs of
products has resulted in an increased appreciation of quality concepts and NDT. In order to
achieve a better understanding of the role of NDT standards and their impact on world trade,
ASTM Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing organized a three-day Symposium on Nondestructive
Testing Standards II: New Opportunities for Increased World Trade Through
Accepted Standards for NDT and Quality. The Symposium was held 9-11 April 1991 at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, under the
joint sponsorship of Committee E-7 and NiST, and in cooperation with the American Society
for Nondestructive Testing and the American Welding Society. James Borucki, chairman of
Committee E-7, served as General Chairperson of the Symposium.
This special technical publication (STP) presents peer-reviewed versions of most of the
papers presented at the Symposium. The title of the book was changed from the Symposium
title to Nondestructive Testing Standards--Present and Future during the editing process
when it became evident that the authors of the papers, almost without exception, had provided
us with knowledgeable projections of what we may expect to see in the way of new NDT standards
in the years ahead. We feel that this aspect of the book may well represent its most unique
value, coming at a time when American industry is focused on quality considerations and
European Community standards are becoming an additional factor in international trade.
The book has been divided into four sections: (1) NDT Standards: The ASTM Program; (2)
NDT Standards: NIST, DoD, ASME, SAE,/SO, EC; (3) NDT Personnel Qualification: Here
and Abroad; (4) NDT Standards: Advanced Applications.

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Aerodynamics - Handbook Of Aerodynamic

Aerodynamics - Handbook Of Aerodynamic

PILOT’S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge

The Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge provides basic knowledge that is essential for pilots. This handbook introduces pilots to the broad spectrum of knowledge that will be needed as they progress in their pilot training. Except for the Code of Federal Regulations pertinent to civil aviation, most of the knowledge areas applicable to pilot certification are presented. This handbook is useful to beginning pilots, as well as those pursuing more advanced pilot certificates. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of
such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). It is essential for persons using this handbook to also become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at http://www.faa.gov/atpubs.
The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and subject matter knowledge codes for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from the Flight Standards Service Web site at http://av-info.faa.gov.
This handbook supersedes Advisory Circular (AC) 61-23C, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, dated 1997.

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